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Slovak Republic
The Slovak Textile and Clothing
Industry
the present situation and prospects with an emphasis on enhancing export engagement
s ex towards Eastern European countries
The textile and clothing industry textile and clothing industry
has had an important position in the
Slovak economy structure for a long
time.
However, developments have placed
the Slovak textile and clothing industry
under strong pressure from the external
and internal environment in recent
years, just like in other developed countries
of the world. Its outward eff ect is a
decline in production and in particular
in the employment rate.
The industry production index in the
Slovak textile and clothing industry has
been declining for the last fi ve years on
the level of an annual average of 0.25%;
however, the number of employees in
the sector dropped by 10,000 people
in the same period (by 6.4% annually on
average). However, the positive aspect
of development is that the labour productivity
on the basis of sales is growing
on the level of an annual average of
7.3% in the same period.
The share of the textile and clothing
industry in the Slovak industrial production
output in 2006 is on the level of
1.6%. The textile and clothing industry
represents 3.2% of added value and
3.4% of Slovak industrial production export,
however, the share of this sector in
industrial production employment rate
is as high as 9.6%.
In 2006 the Slovak
textile and clothing
industry achieved annual growth of production
on the level of 3.4% in comparison
with the previous year; however, the
employment rate in the secto
ped by 6.8%, or in absolute numbers
by 2.6 thousand people. The creation
of added value in the sector has increased
annually by 5.6%. The added value
rate in the sector is one of the highest
amongst all sectors of Slovak industrial
production (39%); however, in conversion
to one SKK of wages, it is well below
the level of the Slovak average (it only
reaches the value of 1.61 SKK). In 2006
the labour productivity achieved annual
growth of 11.0%. The rate of investment
into the textile and clothing sector has
been increasing in recent years. E.g. in
2006 the share of investments in revenues of the sector was 9.3%. The value
of this indicator rates the textile and
clothing industry among more active
Slovak industrial sectors with regard to
investments.
In 2006, almost 36 thousand people
were employed in approx. 250 organizations
of Slovak textile and clothing
production with 20 and more employees
and another 12 – 15 thousand people
were employed in small enterprises with
up to 20 employees. The total number of
employees in the sector is higher than
e.g. the chemical industry, metallurgy
industry or wood processing industry. A
specifi c feature of the Slovak textile and
clothing industry is the high share of female
employees (85% of the total number
of those employed are women) and
employment of disadvantaged groups
on the labour market (employees over
50 years old, disabled employees). Moreover,
production capacities of the sector
are prevailingly allocated in socially weaker
regions.
The textile industry
achieved signifi cantly better results in 2006.
Sales production in the textile industry
has increased annually by 11.6%; however,
the employment rate dropped by
7.7%. Labour productivity has dynamically
increased (by 20.7%).
Sales production in the clothing industry
has dropped by 5.7% and the employment
rate by 6.3%. Labour productivity
remained on the level of previous year.
The domestic market of the Slovak Republic
is too small for extensive capacities
of textile and clothing industry. Therefore
a substantial part of its production
(as much as 83%) is exported by the sector.
Such a level of export engagement
rates the textile and clothing industry
among top industry sectors. The markets
of European Union countries were
an absolute priority for Slovak textile and
clothing exporters in previous periods.
In 2006, more than 90% of all textile and
clothing exports were directed to these
markets.
Current Slovak exports of textile and
clothing to markets of Eastern European
countries do not come close to taking
full advantage of the opportunities
these markets off er (at the moment less
than 3% of textile and clothing exports
are directed to markets of these countries).
A typical example is the Russian
Federation. The current share of the
Russian Federation in the total turnover
of Slovak foreign trade represents 6.7%
(1.6% on the side of exports and 11.3%
on the side of imports). However, only
0.3% of Slovak exports in the textile
and clothing goods are directed to the
market of Russian Federation. For instance,
in absolute values, the volume
of exports to the Russian Federation is
comparable with the volume of exports
to countries of substantially smaller
economic weight (e.g. Latvia, Croatia).
Slovak textile and clothing products
have a long-term tradition on this market
and at the same time have a good
reputation. Also volumes of textile and
clothing imports from the Russian Federation
to the Slovak domestic market do
not correspond with the real abilities of
both partners. In 2006, only 0.4% of all
textile and clothing imports came from
the Russian Federation.
The present competitive capability of
the Slovak textile and clothing industry
is chiefl y based on cost factors and acceptation
of its production by foreign
markets. Producers are aware that such
an assortment structure requires radical
changes. Therefore, also at the present
time, the Slovak textile and clothing
industry is undergoing thorough fundamental
restructuralization changes.
These closely relate to broader application
of state-of-the-art technologies
and general reorientation to products
with higher added value. The result is
the fact that there is already a strong
group of producers in the industry representing
the absolute cutting edge in
the sector within Europe and an equally
strong group of subjects with signifi cant
growth potential.
The future of the whole Slovak textile
and clothing industry is, like in other
developed European Union countries,
in stimulating innovation development
and in restructuralization of production
towards assortments on a high quality
ATOP
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