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Hungary
Hungarian
Light Industry: Textile and Clothing, Leather and Shoe
A brief characterisation brief characterisation
In Hungary, traditionally, the light industry
sector is understood as the combination
of the sub-sectors defi ned in the
NACE: textile production (17), clothing
production, incl. fur preparation and leather
garment (18)and leather fi nishing,
production of shoes and bags.
The textile and
clothing, leather
and shoe
manufacturing
are traditional
sectors in
Hungary with
roots that date
back several
hundred years.
Following the transformation of the
Hungarian economy starting in nineties
major changes took place in these industries,
too. Certain branches and many
of the traditional products disappeared,
like staple fi bre spinning, wool-weaving,
leather production. Productivity increased
in both sectors, which contributed
substantially to their competitiveness
and to the continous increase of the
export ratio in the turnover of the industries.
The former highly centralised company
structure of the socialist decades has
completely
changed. In
five years,
between
1990 and
1995 more
than 80 %
of the industry
was
privatized.
The state
ownership has disappeared by 2000
almost entirely.
The number of enterprises increased
rapidly in the course of privatisation process
until 1997. Since then the situation
has been stabilized and the number of
companies is even on decrease.
Besides companies a great many non
corporate enterprises operate. These
are registered as sole entrepreneurs
and usually employ 1-5 people. Their
number is decreasing; those of them
who are successful become corporate
enterprises. In 2005 their number still accounted
4030 in textile/clothing, and
408 in footwear manufacturing.
Most of the companies are SME-s, as the
number of large companies decreased
during the transition. In the end of 2006
there were 42 companies that employ
more than 250 people in T/C industries
and 11 in the leather and shoe industry.
As for distribution of diff erent branches
the most important activities in the
Hungarian textile industry are:
- Manufacture of household textiles
included. those made of linen,
car-upholstery
- Manufacture of glass-fabrics and tyre
cord fabrics
- Manufacture of sewing thread
- Manufacture of knitwear, included
socks and gloves
The Hungarian clothing companies
have well-established supplier relations
with reputed international brands and
labels, and many of them have developed
their own collections.
The Hungarian clothing companies
have well-established supplier relations
with reputed international brands and
labels, and many of them have developed
their own collections. The making-
-up of upper-wear – included work-wear
and protective wear – comes to 70 % of
clothing industry.
As for leather/shoe industry, manufacturing
of leather articles and footwear are
of about the same volume (respectively
49,9 and 48,8
%), while the tanning and
dressing of leather has fast disappeared
(1,3 %).
Key fi gures of the production, sales and employment of the production, sales and employment
Following the shift of Hungarian economy
towards market economy the production
of Hungarian light industry fell down during
the transition. Although the situation
has stabilized after some years, the production
in volume in 2000 reached only
58,6 % by textile, and 50,2 % by leather
and shoe industries. Compared to these
industries the clothing industry weathered
the transition with small losses. The
production also declined for some years,
but in 2000 it was somewhat higher than
in 1980 (102,6 %). 2000 was the best year
with production volume index 113 % for
T/C industry.
Since 2002 the
production volume
indices have
been below
100 every year,
meanwhile the
export ratio has
been increasing
continuously.
Following the European trend the number
of employees in every branch of light industry
has been decreasing continuously
for the past twenty years. The fall in labour
force is connected partly to the reduction
of production especially in case of textiles,
where many companies closed. It is however
important that the technology was modernized
thorough out the industry so that
the productivity has increased from year to
year, especially in making-up industries.
The Hungarian companies of these branches
are represented in Euratex, the European
textile and clothing by Association
of Hungarian Light Industry (MKSz). AHLI
represents the other professional organizations
of the sector as well based on an
agreement with them. AHLI promotes and
defends the professional and economic
interests of represented industries. It works
in close cooperation with the Hungarian
Society of Textile Technology and Science
(TMTE). It is a non-profi t civil organization
that serves the professional development
and exchange of experiences in the textile,
clothing and textile cleaning industry. To
contribute to the innovation of sector provides
its members up-to-date information
through the following channels: international
and domestic conferences, meetings,
information exchange forums, publications,
accredited adult education (EDUTEX).
Dr. Katalin Mathe, MKSz, TMTE,Hungary
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